@article {328,
	title = {Thirdhand cigarette smoke leads to age-dependent and persistent alterations in the cecal microbiome of mice.},
	journal = {Microbiologyopen},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 06},
	pages = {e1198},
	abstract = {<p>The gut microbiome composition is influenced by many factors including environmental exposures. Here, we investigated the effect of thirdhand cigarette smoke (THS) and exposure age on gut microbiome diversity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to THS at human exposure relevant levels for three weeks during three different life stages: postnatal (0-3\&nbsp;weeks of age), pubescent (4-7\&nbsp;weeks of age), and adult (9-12\&nbsp;weeks of age), respectively. Cecal microbiome profiles were assessed at 17\&nbsp;weeks of age by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that age at THS exposure strongly influenced the cecal microbiome composition. Although postnatal THS exposure significantly influenced the microbial composition, pubescent and adulthood exposures only had minor effects. The microbiome of postnatally THS-exposed mice significantly increased several degradation pathways that regulate glycolysis and pyruvate decarboxylation, and significantly decreased coenzyme A biosynthesis and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage. Our results indicate that mouse postnatal development is particularly susceptible to persistent THS exposure effects on the gut microbiome.</p>
},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Animals, Bacteria, Cecum, Environmental Exposure, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Smoke, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution},
	issn = {2045-8827},
	doi = {10.1002/mbo3.1198},
	author = {He, Li and Zhou, Yan-Xia and Zhang, Yuqing and Hang, Bo and Chang, Hang and Schick, Suzaynn F and Celniker, Susan E and Xia, Yankai and Snijders, Antoine M and Mao, Jian-Hua}
}
@article {308,
	title = {Thirdhand smoke: Genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential.},
	journal = {Chronic Dis Transl Med},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Mar},
	pages = {27-34},
	abstract = {<p>Thirdhand smoke (THS), the residual tobacco smoke remaining in the environment after tobacco has been smoked, represents a hidden and underestimated public health hazard. Evidence supports its widespread presence in indoor environments. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), a precursor of THS, has been well documented as a risk factor for human cancers, especially lung cancer. However, the concept of THS as a distinct entity that poses health risks for small children has developed only recently and the associations of THS with cancer risk and other chronic diseases are poorly understood due to limited numbers of studies to date. In this perspective, we mainly summarize all published studies on the genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of THS exposure. These studies begin to fill the knowledge gap in our understanding of cancer risk of THS. Accumulating data from existing and future studies will help reduce the tobacco-related cancer incidence through changes in lifestyle and tobacco control policies.</p>
},
	issn = {2589-0514},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.08.002},
	author = {Hang, Bo and Wang, Pin and Zhao, Yue and Hang Chang and Mao, Jian-Hua and Snijders, Antoine M}
}
